Post by Admin on Sept 16, 2021 20:43:08 GMT
Fig. 3
Multi-way admixture in Eastern Europe
Mixing percentages (pie graphs) and dates (white text) inferred using the strongest admixture “direction” for 6 eastern European groups: Belarus (BE), Bulgaria (BU), Hungary (HU), Lithuania (LI), Poland (PO), Romania (RO), analyzed when disallowing copying from nearby groups, and Greece (GR), analyzed using the full set of 94 donors. Mixing percentages indicate percentages for three geographic regions: “N. Europe” (Northwest Europe and East Europe from clades of Table S11; blue), “Southern” (South Europe and West Asia; red) and “N.E.Asia” (Northeast Asia and Yakut; purple, also given above each pie), plus “other” (grey). All groups except Greece show evidence (p<0.05) of multi-way admixture involving sources along the approximate directions show by the arrows. Coancestry curves (black lines) for Bulgaria, fitted with an exponential decay curve (green lines), exemplify this multi-way signal. Each pairing of the three donor groups, each a proxy for the admixture source from a different region (Norway: N/E Europe, Oroqen: NE Asia, Greece: S. Europe and W. Asia), exhibits negative correlation (a dip) in ancestry weights at short genetic distances, implying at least three identifiably distinct ancestral sources mixing (approximately) simultaneously (9).
Finally, Central Asia shows a particularly complex inferred history following a reanalysis of 10 groups excluding each other as donors, with nine of ten groups showing diverse recent events (Fig. 4A). The exception are the Kalash, a genetically isolated (39) population from the Hindu Kush mountains of Pakistan (40). Distinct, ancient and partially shared admixture signals (always dated older than 90BCE) are seen in six groups (Fig. 4B), including the Kalash (Figure 2C), whose strongest signal suggests a major admixture event (990-210BCE) from a source related to present-day Western Eurasians, though we cannot identify the geographic origin precisely. This period overlaps that of Alexander the Great (356-323BCE) whose army, local tradition holds, the Kalash are descended from (40), but these ancient events predate recorded history in the region, precluding confident interpretation.