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Post by Admin on Nov 24, 2021 2:14:15 GMT
● La Bastida Contact: Vicente Lull, Cristina Rihuete Herrada, Rafael Micó, Roberto Risch, Eva Celdrán Beltrán, María Inés Fregeiro Morador, Camila Oliart Caravatti, Carlos Velasco Felipe La Bastida (Totana, Murcia) is a hilltop settlement that was naturally protected by vertical slopes and a monumental fortification, in a mountainous topography of the core area of El Argar formation. With an extension of ca. 4,5 ha it is one of the largest known EBA settlements of the Iberian Peninsula. An ample series of 14C dates on short-lived material from funerary and domestic contexts has confirmed that the Argaric occupation lasted between ~2200 and 1600/1550 BCE, whereas the majority of the funerary structures can be dated after 1950 BCE. On the basis of stratigraphic and architectural reasons it is possible to distinguish an early (phase 1), a middle (phase 2), and a late phase (phase 3), dated respectively between ~2200-2000, ~2000-1750 BCE and ~1750- 1600/1550 BCE. During the last two phases, the settlement developed into an urban center with large public constructions, such as water reservoirs (cisterns), and a clear division of tasks between buildings concentrating exceptional productive forces. The mineral, animal and botanic resources processed and used in La Bastida suggest that this urban center controlled a substantial territory, including the lower part of the fertile valley of the river Guadalentín. The distribution of these resources inside the settlement, its architecture, as well as the marked differences in wealth represented by the funerary assemblages, including individuals of both sexes and all ages, defines a class society with a politically and economically dominant elite (32, 96, 97). - BAS002 (Arc. ID: BA06/1): Adult male burial directly dated to 1632-1506 cal BCE (3298 ± 27, KIA-50633). - BAS003 (Arc. ID: BA12/2): Adult female burial directly dated to 2023-1913 cal BCE (3298 ± 27, KIA-50633). - BAS006 (Arc. ID: BA18/1): Adult male burial dated indirectly by the archaeological context to the 3rd phase of El Argar. Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to >40000 SNP coverage. - BAS007 (Arc. ID: BA18/2): Adult male burial directly dated to 2018-1819 cal BCE (3568 ± 28, KIA-40012). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to >40000 SNP coverage. - BAS014 (Arc. ID: Bamam 1): Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to >40000 SNP coverage. - BAS017 (Arc. ID: BA23/1): Infantile female burial directly dated to 1862- 1687 cal BCE (3431 ± 15, KIA-40014/MAMS-10997). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1st degree kin-relationship. - BAS018 (Arc. ID: BA23/2): Infantile male burial directly dated to 1750- 1688 cal BCE (3423 ± 10, KIA-40015). - BAS022 (Arc. ID: BA86): Adult male burial dated indirectly by the archaeological context to the 2ndphase of El Argar (2000-1750 cal BCE). BAS023 (Arc. ID: BA88): Adult male burial directly dated to 2122-2093 cal BCE (3642 ± 20, MAMS-19929). - BAS024 (Arc. ID: BAH77-112.1): Adult male in secondary deposition directly dated to 2187-1981 cal BCE (3688 ± 23, MAMS-23111). - BAS025 (Arc. ID: BA76): Infantile male burial directly dated to 2132-1949 cal BCE (3653 ± 21, MAMS-47168). - BAS026 (Arc. ID: BA06/2): Neonatal male burial dated indirectly by the archaeological context to the 3rd phase of El Argar (1750-1550 cal BCE). - BAS027 (Arc. ID: BA77): Adult female burial dated indirectly by the archaeological context to the 2nd phase of El Argar (2000-1750 cal BCE). ● Cabezo Redondo Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mª. Paz de Miguel, Mauro S. Hernández, Alejandro Romero, V. Barciela, Domingo C. Salazar-García This site is described in (7). We successfully analyzed one individual from this site: - CBR001 (Arc. ID: Departamento XVIII/XX, CR89 Calle): Juvenile female burial directly dated to 1690-1535 cal BCE (3342 ± 21, MAMS-30748). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - CBR004 (Arc. ID: CR03 Corte 2 UE03205/ Departamento 25): Infantile female burial directly dated to 1608-1450 cal BCE (3244 ± 20, MAMS30750). ● Camino del Molino Contact: Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Azucena Avilés Fernández, María Haber-Uriarte This site is described in (98). Camino del Molino is an accumulative mass grave located in a collapsed shelter. Analyzed individuals were taken only from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit, sealed by a boulder which avoided the percolation of materials from the previous phase. We successfully analyzed 5 new individuals from this site and we increased the coverage of one individual published in (6). The two previously published individuals are co-analyzed in this study. - CDM001 (Arc. ID: CMOL 6): individual directly dated to 2550 - 2234 cal BCE (3910 ± 40, Beta-261517) coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM002 (Arc. ID: Individuo 12): Adult male individual directly dated to 2579 – 2346 cal BCE (3970 ± 40, Beta-261519) - CDM003 (Arc. ID: CMOL 16): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM004 (Arc. ID: CMOL 44): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM005 (Arc. ID: CMOL 71): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM006 (Arc. ID: CMOL 79): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit.
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Post by Admin on Nov 24, 2021 20:05:35 GMT
Cabezo Redondo Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mª. Paz de Miguel, Mauro S. Hernández, Alejandro Romero, V. Barciela, Domingo C. Salazar-García This site is described in (7). We successfully analyzed one individual from this site: - CBR001 (Arc. ID: Departamento XVIII/XX, CR89 Calle): Juvenile female burial directly dated to 1690-1535 cal BCE (3342 ± 21, MAMS-30748). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - CBR004 (Arc. ID: CR03 Corte 2 UE03205/ Departamento 25): Infantile female burial directly dated to 1608-1450 cal BCE (3244 ± 20, MAMS30750). ● Camino del Molino Contact: Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Azucena Avilés Fernández, María Haber-Uriarte This site is described in (98). Camino del Molino is an accumulative mass grave located in a collapsed shelter. Analyzed individuals were taken only from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit, sealed by a boulder which avoided the percolation of materials from the previous phase. We successfully analyzed 5 new individuals from this site and we increased the coverage of one individual published in (6). The two previously published individuals are co-analyzed in this study. - CDM001 (Arc. ID: CMOL 6): individual directly dated to 2550 - 2234 cal BCE (3910 ± 40, Beta-261517) coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM002 (Arc. ID: Individuo 12): Adult male individual directly dated to 2579 – 2346 cal BCE (3970 ± 40, Beta-261519) - CDM003 (Arc. ID: CMOL 16): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM004 (Arc. ID: CMOL 44): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM005 (Arc. ID: CMOL 71): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit. - CDM006 (Arc. ID: CMOL 79): individual coming from the post-collapse stratigraphic unit
● Cova d’En Pardo (Planes, Alicante, Spain) Contact: Jorge Soler, Consuelo Roca de Togores Muñoz, Domingo C. Salazar-García This site is described in (98). Excavations started in 1965 under Miquel Tarradell and continued from 1993 to 2007 by the MARQ of Alicante with a multidisciplinary approach. The actions overall reveal a deep stratigraphic sequence covering the periods from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age. Levels III and IIb are related to a Late Neolithic funerary site. The deposit from these areas contained human remains pertaining to thirty individuals dating from ~3850-2850 cal BC, based on 7 absolute dates (98, 99). No complete skeletons have been found. It is believed that human remains, once disarticulated, were placed against the walls and the bottom of the cavity, conforming an ossuary. While no metal objects have been found, among the funerary offerings we find an interesting set of adornments and costume elements in bone, as well as pottery with no decoration and a lithic industry with very elaborate arrowheads (100, 101). We successfully analyzed 8 individuals from this site, all of which belong to skulls from the old excavations, which are deposited in the Museu Arqueològic Municipal Camil Visedo Moltó (Alcoi, Alacant): - CDP001 (Arc. ID: 9090): Young adult female purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age - CDP002 (Arc. ID: 9087): 20–25-year-old male purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age - CDP003 (Arc. ID: 9085): 35–40-year-old male purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age. Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1st degree kin-relationship. - CDP006 (Arc. ID: 9084): 20–25-year-old male purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age - CDP007 (Arc. ID: 9086): 17–20-year-old female purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age. Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to >40000 SNP coverage. - CDP008 (Arc. ID: 9109): Young adult of indeterminate sex purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age - CDP009 (Arc. ID: 9101): Female adult purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age. Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1st degree kin-relationship. - CDP011 (Arc. ID: 9097): Female adult purportedly dating to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age
● Cueva de las Lechuzas Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Alejandro Romero, Mª. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez, Domingo C. Salazar-García The cave is located on the eastern slope of the Cabezo de las Cuevas, a small hill in the centre of the Villena basin. The access and a part of the cave was destroyed by a quarry. Originally, the access was about 2 metres wide and gave way to the main room leaning towards the bottom. When J.M. Soler visited the site, the owner of the quarry handed him a set of human bones that had appeared during the quarry work, later finding other human remains and various items of clothing. Soler identified human remains belonging to at least 18 individuals. He also recovered an important set of grave goods consisting of several arrowheads, an axe and a hoe on polished stone, several pendants on various species of seashell and on teeth and several necklace beads on fish and stone vertebrae. Several bone punches and several ceramic bowls were also documented. These trousseaus correspond to the use of the cavity during the Chalcolithic period. The type of collective burial in a cave with the associated grave goods indirectly date the collective necropolis to the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic of Southeastern Iberia (3300-2300 cal BCE). - CLL001 (Arc. ID: Lech 1(LE1)): Adult male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL002 (Arc. ID: Lech 2(LE2)): Adult female burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL003 (Arc. ID: Lech 3(LE3)): Adult male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL004 (Arc. ID: Lech 5 (LE5)): Adult male burial dated indirectly in Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL005 (Arc. ID: Lech 7 (LE7))*: Adult male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL006 (Arc. ID: Lech 8 (LE8): Adult female burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL007 (Arc. ID: Lech 11 (LE11B)): Adult male burial. This individual was considered intrusive and thus excluded from the analysis, as it showed stepperelated ancestry. The remainder of the individuals are genetically similar to the SE_Iberia_CA group, so we assumed the indirect chronology for all of them. - CLL008 (Arc. ID: Lech 11bis (inf) (LE11A)): Infantile male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL009 (Arc. ID: Lech 14-6 (LE6)): Adult male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL010 (Arc. ID: Lech 14bis (LE14)): Juvenile female burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context. - CLL011 (Arc. ID: Lech X3): Adult male burial dated indirectly to the Copper Age (3300-2300 cal BCE) by archaeological context
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Post by Admin on Nov 25, 2021 0:38:37 GMT
Cerro del Morrón Contact: Vicente Lull, Cristina Rihuete Herrada, Rafael Micó, Roberto Risch, Eva Celdrán Beltrán, María Inés Fregeiro Morador, Camila Oliart Caravatti, Carlos Velasco Felipe Cerro del Morrón (Moratalla, Murcia) is a small hilltop settlement located 1065 m a.s.l. in the Eastern part of the Betic mountain range. A rescue excavation carried out in 2016 allowed to recover the human remains of two already robbed burials and to investigate the stratigraphic sequence of the site. The first settlement, dated ca. 2050-1950 cal BCE, did not include characteristic materials of El Argar but shows clear affinities with the EBA of the southern part of the Meseta (central Spanish plateau). At a certain moment the site became part of the northern borders of the El Argar territory. The two ditch burials with stone lining contained double inhumations and belong to this 2nd, highly eroded phase. According to the absolute dating of the two inhumations from one of the burials the settlement was occupied between ~1800-1750 cal BCE. - CMO001 (Arc. ID: MN-1/1): Adult female burial directly dated to 1879- 1691 cal BCE (3455 ± 28, MAMS-11823). - CMO002 (Arc. ID: MN-1/2): Adult male burial directly dated to 1887-1747 cal BCE (3492 ± 24, MAMS-11824). - CMO003 (Arc. ID: MN-2/1): Adult female burial. ● Es Forat de ses Aritges Contact: Vicente Lull, Rafael Micó, Cristina Rihuete Herrada, Roberto Risch This site is described in (98). This Late Bronze Age stratified collective funerary cave with a megalithic entrance was excavated in 1995. Nine randomly sampled individuals, buried in different layers, have been dated (102). According to these results the funerary structure was used between c. 1400-1000/800 cal BCE (102, 103).We successfully analyzed 6 individuals from this site: - EFA001 (Arc. ID: FA32-3592): Adult male from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - EFA004 (Arch. ID: FA49-9819): Adult female from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - EFA006 (Arc. ID: FA11-8250): Adult male from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). - EFA007 (Arc. ID: FA39-10299): Adult male from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1stdegree kin-relationship. - EFA008 (Arc. ID: FA24-3307): Juvenile male from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). - EFA009 (Arc. ID: FA36B-5058): Adult male from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). - EFA010 (Arc. ID: FA32-3578): Adult female from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). - EFA011 (Arc. ID: FA7-1961): Adult female from a collective burial indirectly dated to the Late Bronze Age (1200-1000 cal BCE). ● Fuente Álamo Contact: Roberto Risch This site is described in (98). We analyzed 6 individuals from this site: - FAL001 (Arc. ID: 75). Adult female individual directly dated to 2116-1693 cal BCE (3545 ± 65, OxA-4972). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - FAL002 (Arc. ID: 75a). Adult male individual directly dated to 2141-1885 cal BCE (3635 ± 50, OxA-4973). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - FAL007 (Arc. ID: 69). Adult individual dated indirectly by the archaeological context to the 2ndphase of El Argar (2000-1750 cal BCE Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage
● La Horna Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mª. Paz de Miguel, Mauro S. Hernández, Alejandro Romero, Domingo C. Salazar-García The site occupies the summit and eastern slope of a hill in the northwestern foothills of the mountain range of the same name. The settlement stands about 75-100 metres above the flat areas of the Novelda basin, at about 439 m above sea level. Its maximum extension would be around 1000 m2. The process of excavation (1980-1986) documented a unique Late Bronze Age phase that would be dated to the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE. The excavations made it possible to differentiate 8 rooms and a possible street. The rooms are small and irregular in plan, with paved surfaces and roofs supported by posts. In certain rooms the entire cereal harvest was managed and in others the production of instruments and objects necessary for the maintenance of the group was carried out. Two small crevices, used as funeral spaces, were also documented. In cave 1, inside the area of the settlement, several very altered human remains were recovered, most of them belonging to children - NMI: 8 - and a silver earring as a grave good. In cave 2, located on the hill but outside the settlement, a possible cist was identified that housed human remains - fragments of a femur, humerus, a rib, clavicle and several skull fragments. - LHO001 (Arc. ID: Individuo 1): Infantile male burial directly dated to 1613 - 1451 cal BCE (3250 ± 30, Beta-397978). - LHO002 (Arc. ID: Individuo 2): Infantile male burial directly dated to 1630 - 1497 cal BCE (3280 ± 30, Beta-397977). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1st degree kin-relationship. - LHO003 (Arc. ID: Individuo 3): Infantile female burial directly dated to 1661 - 1509 cal BCE (3310 ± 30, Beta-397979).
● Lorca Contact: Andrés Martínez, Juana Ponce Martínez. This site, which includes the burials found during the rescue excavations of Madres Mercedarias church, Castillo de Lorca and Los Tintes and Zapatería 11 streets, belongs to the core area of El Argar. All excavations have confirmed that the in-tramural burials belong to the El Argar phases. It is described in (98). We successfully analysed 3 individuals from this site: - CDL001 (Arc. ID: Castillo de Lorca Loct4): Adult female burial indirectly dated by the archaeological context to the middle or late El Argar phases (2000-1550 BCE). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - LOT001 (Arc. ID: Los Tintes 2-1): Adult male burial directly dated to 2021- 1773 cal BCE (3560 ± 35, OxA-7667). - MMI002 (Arc. ID: Tomb 11-1): Adult female burial directly dated to 1940- 1700 cal BCE (3510 ± 40, OxA-7672). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - MMI003 (Arc. ID: Tomb 4-1): Adult female burial directly dated to 1879- 1692 cal BCE (3456 ± 27, OxA-17056). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage.
- MMI004 (Arc. ID: Tomb 4-2): Adult male burial indirectly dated by the archaeological context to the 3rd phase of El Argar (1750-1550 cal BCE). - ZAP001(Arc. ID: Urna 3 Tumba 3): Adult male burial indirectly dated by the archaeological context to the 3rd phase of El Argar (1750-1550 cal BCE). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to <40000 SNP coverage. - ZAP002 (Arc. ID: Tumba 6): Adult male burial indirectly dated by the archaeological context to the 3rd phase of El Argar (1750-1550 cal BCE).
● Molinos de Papel Contact: Ana Pujante Martínez, María Inés Fregeiro Morador, Camila Oliart Caravatti, Cristina Rihuete Herrada This site is described in (98). We successfully analysed 3 individuals from this site: - MDP001 (Ar. ID: MP1039): Adult male burial directly dated to 2296-2060 cal BCE (3780 ± 30, MAMS-11826). Individual excluded from population genomic analysis due to 1st degree kin-relationship. - MDP002 (Ar. ID: MP1059): Adult female burial directly dated to 2200-2027 cal BCE (3711 ± 29, MAMS-11827). - MDP003 (Ar. ID: MP1065): Adult male burial directly dated to 2196-2023 cal BCE (3701 ± 26, MAMS-11828).
● Miquel Vives Contact: Camila Oliart Caravatti This site is described in (98). We successfully analyzed one individual from this site: - MIV002 (Arc. ID: Miquel Vives 259): Infantile female in a collective burial dated to 1690-1500 cal BCE (3310 ± 35, KIA-35362).
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Post by Admin on Nov 25, 2021 4:40:15 GMT
● Valencina (PP4-Montelirio) (Castilleja de Guzmán, Sevilla) Contact: Leonardo García Sanjuán A total of 42 samples of human bone were analysed from the PP4-Montelirio Sector and the Montelirio tholos, both belonging to the Copper Age Valencina de la ConcepciónCastilleja de Guzmán (for short, Valencina) mega-site, occupied between c. 3200 and 2350 BCE. Sufficient amounts of authentic ancient human DNA could not be retrieved from 31 individuals (including all 12 from the Montelirio tholos) and only 11 yielded aDNA results, which are included here. Nine of the eleven successfully sequenced individuals come from Structure 10.028, a simple pit without stone elements dated to between 2900 and 2700 BCE (2890-2637 cal BC 2σ, 4180 ± 35 BP, CNA-4797), that yielded no grave goods: - MON013 (Ar. ID: Individuo 1, Structure 10028 UE189): adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible female”. - MON014 (Ar. ID: Individuo 2, Structure 10028 UE189): adult male individual. - MON015 (Ar. ID: Individuo 3, Structure 10028 UE189): young adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible female”. - MON016 (Ar. ID: Individuo 4, Structure 10028 UE189): adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible male”.
MON017 (Ar. ID: Individuo 5, Structure 10028 UE189): adult male individual. - MON019 (Ar. ID: Individuo 7, Structure 10028 UE189): young adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible male”. - MON020 (Ar. ID: Individuo 8, Structure 10028 UE189): adult male individual. - MON021 (Ar. ID: Individuo 9, Structure 10028 UE189): young adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible female”. - MON029 (Ar. ID: Individuo 1, Structure 10031, UE453): adult male individual dated indirectly to the Copper Age (2800-2400 BCE) by archaeological context. - MON033 (Ar. ID: Individuo 2, Structure 10073, UE866): adult individual, anthropologically described as “possible female”, indirectly to the Copper Age (3200-2350 BCE). - MON036 (Ar. ID: Individuo 2, Structure 10044, UE632): adult male individual, indirectly to the Copper Age (3200-2350 BCE).
● Peñón de la Zorra (eastern cave) Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mª. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez, Alejandro Romero, Domingo C. Salazar-García Small cavity located in the oriental slope of the mountain range of the Morrón at about 640 m asl. Its entrance was covered by large limestone blocks at the time of its excavation, carried out by José María Soler in spring 1964. It is located on the same hill as the town of the same name, where several phases of occupation have been recognised between the Bell-Beaker (Phase 1: ca. 2400 cal BCE) and the Bronze Age (Phases 2-4: ca. 2100-1700 cal BCE). The human remains were completely removed. They correspond to at least six individuals, three adults and three children (4, 6-8 and 10-12 years), both sexes being represented. The adult individuals show high wear of their teeth, which can be related to age. Associated with these remains several copper weapons were recovered: a tongue dagger and a pair of Palmella-type points. A silver earring with a diameter of 1.3 cm, a necklace made up of 14 fish vertebrae and several small bowls were also recovered. All three adults have been dated from samples obtained from their left femora (MAMS19108: 3357±22 BP; Poz-73601: 3330±35 BP; Poz-73603: 3405±35 BP). However, due to the state of preservation of the record, it is impossible to decide which individual corresponds to the pars petrosa analysed (PLZ001). In any case, the chronological proximity of the radiometric dates implies that PLZ001 can be dated reliably to 1750- 1600 BCE. This time span is consistent with some of the documented artefacts such as silver earrings, necklace beads made from fish vertebrae as well as several small bowls. − PLZ001(Arc. ID: Individuo 1): Adult female burial indirectly dated in Bronze Age (1750-1600 cal BCE) by archaeological context
● Cueva del Puntal de los Carniceros Contact: Gabriel García Atiénzar, Mª. Paz de Miguel Ibáñez, Alejandro Romero, Domingo C. Salazar-García Small cavity located on the western slope of the Sierra del Morrón, at about 620 m above sea level. On the same hill it is located a settlement in which Bell-Beaker levels have been documented. In the excavation carried out in the cave in 1964 by J.M. Soler, a first layer of topsoil was documented, superimposed on a greyish package where human remains, and grave goods were found. The remains of at least seven individuals have been identified, five adults of both sexes, one juvenile between 12-15 years old and a child of about 2-4 years old. A case of dental loss has been identified, as well as evidence of mandibular osteoarthritis in one of the individuals. The graves goods are heterogeneous, highlighting some knapped stone tools -an arrowhead, a geometric microlite-, a silver earring, several necklace beads made from different raw materials and ceramic fragments corresponding to small bowls. - PUC001 (Arc. ID: Cráneo 2): Adult female burial directly dated to 1879 - 1695 cal BCE (3461 ± 19, MAMS-24730). - PUC002 (Arc. ID: Cráneo 3): Adult male burial directly dated to 1736 – 1622 cal BCE (3371 ± 19, MAMS-24725). - PUC003 (Arc. ID: Cráneo 4): Adult female burial directly dated to 1882 - 1749 cal BCE (3486 ± 20, MAMS-24728). - PUC004 (Arc. ID: Cráneo 5): Juvenile female burial directly dated to 1751 – 1643 cal BCE (3407 ± 19, MAMS-24729).
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Post by Admin on Nov 25, 2021 21:46:57 GMT
2. Mitochondrial haplogroup determination We generated complete mitogenomes using an independent mt-capture (4, 40) (table S1.3). In cases where the number of mt reads was below 3,000, we performed a 2nd round of capture. For some individuals we were able to determine the mt haplogroup although we did not obtain nuclear data in sufficient amounts. A summary of mtDNA results is given in table S1.4. We determined seven different major haplogroups in our reported CA individuals. Most of them were already reported for Iberian Neolithic and CA. We found a new haplotype U5a1c1a, although U5a1c was already reported in Iberia CA (104). We determined 18 different haplogroups in our new BA individuals. Most of them were already reported for Iberian Neolithic, CA and BA groups. We briefly described here the ones which have not been reported yet. We determined the haplogroups H105a and H10b (BAS025 and EFA008) not reported so far in Iberia. Haplogroup H10* has been previously reported in Germany Bell Beaker (H10e) (6), Croatia_Sopot_MN (H10) (76), Kazakhstan_centralSaka.SG (H10 and H101) (105) and Latvia_BA (H10a) (106). We determined the haplogroup H1bd in ALM029. Haplogroups H1 have been reported in Iberia since the EN ((24), Pancorbo), MN and CA (Paris, Cmolino, (6)). Haplogroup H1cf has been determined in ALM064. The same haplogroup has been reported in today’s Canary_Islands_Guanche, (107). We determined the haplogroup H6a1b in ALM047. This haplogroup has been previously found in Yamnaya_Samara (4), Russia_Afanasievo (108), England_Bell_Beaker (6) and Russia_Okunevo_EMBA.SG (105). We determined the haplogroup I1a1 in PUC002. I1 has been previously reported for later Iron Age in Iberia (7). I1a1 has been reported in Russia Srubnaya (22), Croatia MBA (76) and Poland_Chopice_Vesele (6). K2a reported in ALM084 has been determined in later periods in Iberia (NE_Iberia_Greek from Empuries) (7), despite the haplogroup is usual among in Neolithic groups (Germany LBK, (24), Hungary_Vinca_MN (24), Hungary_Balaton_Lasinja_CA (24) and Mesolithic from Iran (Iran_Belt_Cave) (108). Interestingly, we determined R0a in ALM018. R0 haplogroup (pre-HV) has not been reported from Iberia so far.Nowadays, this haplogroup is more frequent in the Arabian Peninsula, but has been found in ancient individuals from the eastern Mediterranean, e.g. Jordan_PPNB (R0a), Jordan_PPNC (R02a), Jordan_EBA (R0a1a) (23), as well as Ukraine_Yamnaya (R0a1) (76) and Sicily_Bell_Beaker (R0a) (6). The fact that R0a has not been found in central Europe despite hundreds of data points suggests that this haplogroup was rare or absent in this region, and suggests the Mediterranean region as a route of dissemination during the CA and EBA.
3. Y-chromosome haplogroup determination We were able to confirm the almost-complete turnover in Y-chromosome lineages during the CA-EBA transition as described in (7), despite a tripling of the BA individuals analyzed to date. All pre-BA individuals belonged to the already described Y-haplogroups I2a, G2a and H2. I2a was attributed to hunter-gatherers and, G2a and H2 to early European farming groups. These haplogroups are absent in all EBA individuals analyzed so far, in favor of sub-lineages of R1bM269 (Table S1.1). The exact phylogenetic position on the Y haplogroup tree could be resolved further in 41 out of 49 males, who carry the derived variant at Y-SNP P312, and Y-SNP Z195 in 23 out of 41 males. The low coverage genome of individual ALM041 resolves this Y lineage until Y-SNP S228. It is possible that all other males also belonged to the same or a closely related branch. Only one subadult male individual (BAS025) was assigned to E1b1b1a1b1. He was dated to the 2nd phase of El Argar (2000 - 1750 cal BCE), being one of the very few and late non-R1b-M269 males in the Iberian BA. Y-Haplogroup E1b1b1a was reported from Sardinia Chalcolithic, E1b1b1b2 in Early Medieval Sardinia (51), and E1b1b1a1b1 in Medieval Sardinia (52).
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