Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1

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Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1 Mar 2, 2019 4:06:33 GMT

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Post by Admin on Mar 2, 2019 4:06:33 GMT

Y-DNA (37 + 6 additional markers) database including Rurikid and Gediminid princes and also those males who suspect that they descend either from Rurik (the 1st Russian prince, 9th century), or from Gedimin (The Grand Duke of Lithuania, 13th cent.). База У-ДНК хромосомы Рюриковичей и Гедиминовичей. Baza chromosomu Y (Y-DNA) Rurykowiczów i Gedyminowiczów.

Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project contains currently the following surnames, Rurikids : Bariatynski, Belosselsky-Belozersky, Blinov, Bunakov, Czetwertynski, Drucki (Droutskoy), Gagarin, Gorchakov, Khilkov, (Korybut)-Woroniecki, Kropotkin, Kubensky, Kurbatsky (Kurbsky ?), Lobanov-Rostovsky, Lvov, Mozarowski (and variants), Mozhaysky, Myshetsky, Niewmierzycki (and variants), Obolensky, Ossowiecki, Poscharsky, Putyatin, Puzyna, Rostowsky, Rzhevsky, Shahovskoi, Solomin, Szuyski, Tolloczko, Ushakov, Vadbolsky and Volkonsky, and Gediminids : Golitsin (Galitzine), Khovanskii (Chowanski), Chartorisky (Czartoryski), Popiel, Sopocko, Szafkowski (Szatkowski ?), Trubetskoy (Trubecki), Urban(owicz), Svistunov, Cuthie (Jakutowicz), Davidenas (Dawidowicz ?) and Barteit.

However, not all of them were found to be genuine descendants of Rurik or of Gedimin, respectively. Besides, it was discovered that a couple of Volkonsky, Obolensky and Bariatynsky princes belong to Slavic (genetic haplogroup R1a1) branch. However, in another project one of the Volkonsky princes was found to belong to the N1c1 haplogroup and he is well matching other Rurikids. So, we can say that by all means a NPE event occurred in case of some of these princes. Besides, thanks to this, i.e. Rurikid project, we can now say that Rurik was a historical person who was born on the Roslagen seashore (slightly north of Stockholm, Sweden). However, he was of Finno-Ugrian descent (haplogroup N1c1 (earlier described as N3a)). Although all of well matching N1c1 Rurikid princes are descended from Yaroslav Mudry (978 – 1054), it seems that his ancestors including Rurik (b. ab. 820 – 876) himself, also belonged to this haplogroup. A group of Swedes, whose ancestors lived in or close to Uppsala, and whose genetic haplotypes are very close to these of the Rurikids, seems to be confirming the theory that Rurik, in fact, originated from Sweden.

Prince Piotr Szuyski is also of Slavic descent (R1a1). However, he is neither matching the mentioned Volkonskys/Obolenskys, nor he is matching other R1a1 Rurikid princes.

Prince Kropotkin is really descended from Rurik. However, by no means is he descended from the princes of Smolensk. His princely branch needs to be reconsidered again.

Gedimin, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Rurik the Viking chieftain and the 1st Russian prince, were very distant cousins. They shared a common male ancestor ab. 2200 years ago. It is not clear whether the noble Urbanowicz, Jakutowicz and Svistunov (Swistun, Swistunow) families are illegitimate descendants of Gedimin, or if they rather belong to Gediminid branches that were forgotten by genealogists.

Prince Jerzy Czartoryski of Canada decided to have his Y-DNA tested in spite of what historians speculate(d) about the descent of his princely branch. It is believed that his G...Grandmother, the princess Izabella Czartoryska (nee Fleming) had her 1st son with the Rurikid prince Nikolai Vasilievich Repnin, while it was Armand-Louis de Gontaut-Biron, Duc de Lauzun, who fathered the 2nd son, Konstanty, from whom Prince Jerzy descends. Prince Jerzy was found to be descended from a Germanic tribe (R1b1). He can still be descended from the French, since the majority of them are of Germanic origin. What counts here is that Prince Jerzy inherited the title of Prince, as well as family tradition, from his legal ancestors, the Czartoryski princes. On the other hand, however, provided that he really is descended from the Gontaut-Birons, this duly means that he is a genetic descendant of this old French family, which has roots at least as far back as the 12th century.

Prince Stanislaw Antoni Czetwertynski was found to belong to the I2a2 haplogroup. By no means is he descended from Rurik. His genetic haplotype is typical for the native population of the Belarussian-Ukrainian Polissiya region. This can also mean that Prince Tur(e), who founded the dynasty of the Turov-Pinsk princes, wasn’t at all descended from Rurik. Prince Tur(e) was a Varangian prince who may have carried the I2a2 haplogroup which was passed down to Prince Stanislaw Antoni Czetwertynski. The distribution of I2a2 correlates fairly well with the Varangians from Scandinavia.

Last Edit: Jul 24, 2019 1:20:59 GMT by Admin

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Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1 Mar 2, 2019 17:44:54 GMT

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Post by Admin on Mar 2, 2019 17:44:54 GMT

According to the nationalists newspaper Estonian World Review Russian genealogist Aleksey Nilogov says Mr Trump has ties to European royalty but he claims Barack Obama is also a descendant of Rurik.

More descendants include Henry III of England, the first three King Edwards, and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots.
Mr Nilogov believes Mr Trump descends over the course of 35, 36 or 38 generations from the ninth century ruler, Rurik, via three distinct female lines.

According to the first Russian annals, the Primary Chronicle, Rurik was a Scandinavian "from the tribe of the Rus" whom the people of Novgorod invited in 862 to assume rule over them, as they had been unable to govern themselves.

Accompanied by his family and retinue, Rurik settled in Novgorod, and his brothers took control of adjacent regions. The area under their authority came to be called "the land of the Rus" and eventually “Rus”.

It is claimed Rurik, who ruled until his death, was not good at taking criticism, and followed paganism.
Whilst blog Face to Face claimed that Trump’s Viking links came from his mother.

As Mail Online has previously reported Mary Anne Trump, born Mary Anne MacLeod, was a Scottish immigrant, hailed from the highlander Clan MacLeod on the Isle of Lewis.

According to the blogs post last year, this was one of the Outer Hebrides islands off the western shore of Scotland that was raided and settled by Vikings between the 9th and 13th centuries, when it belonged to the Norse Kingdom of the Isles.

It is believed the MacLeods ruled Lewis from the end of the Viking heyday through the early modern era, when they were eclipsed by the Mackenzies in the 17th century.

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Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1 Mar 3, 2019 18:04:14 GMT

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Post by Admin on Mar 3, 2019 18:04:14 GMT

This database can be useful for many males. By using this in a simple way they can check whether they have (or haven’t) descended from Rurik. It was also believed that the Gediminid princes were descended from Rurik on the Polotsk branch. However, the preliminary results do suggest that this is not really so, although Gedimin originated from Baltic Finno-Ugrians. Another idea would be to create the so-called modal Y-DNA pattern for Rurik, as well as for Gedimin. However, this may be possible later, when some more test results will become available. Nevertheless, the preliminary modal haplotypes for Rurik and Gedimin have been created.

The tests were performed with the Family Tree DNA Co. www.familytreedna.com/ in the group program “Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project”. 37 characteristic markers are displayed in columns 1 to 37, respectively. The larger is the number of matching markers, the closer is kinship of the two males. If the markers are not perfectly matching, just for the sake of readability they have been displayed with different colours in reference to the modal haplotypes of Rurik and of Gedimin. The more the background is becoming orange and red, the larger is the positive genetic distance, while the more the background is becoming green and blue, the larger is the negative genetic distance in each of the markers, respectively. This is shown in the label below. However, the (total) genetic distance from either the modal Rurik or Gedimin in all compared markers should not exceed a couple of units. If this is really so, it means that another tested male is their (distant) cousin. This is marked with green (Rurikids, Gediminids), or light green (Proto-Rurikids, Proto-Gediminids). The database also includes a certain number of other people, especially the Finns belonging to the N1c1 haplogroup, which are neither related by blood with Rurik, nor with Gedimin. They have been marked with light blue, and described as being “Distant cousins”. These results are kept in the project for a particular reason : no one still knows from where the ancestors of Rurik arrived in Sweden, as well as from where the ancestors of Gedimin arrived in the Baltic countries (possibly this was Povolzhe in Russia). On the basis of genetic distances, as well as on the basis of WTY (Walk Through the Y chromosome) results, one can now anticipate that the Finno-Karelian (L550-) and others (L550+) (especially those of the Rurikids and Gediminids) separated already in Siberia ab. 4500 – 6000 years ago. However, these tests are by no means completed to the point that one can make any final conclusion here.

Mutation rates in markers marked with pink background are larger (0.003 to 0.005), and those marked with violet background are extremely large (above 0.005) compared with an average mutation rate (which is something like 0.0024). However, in the so-called genetic calculator one can also use different mutation rates in each of the marker panels. Estimated more precisely by the FTDNA Co., the average mutation rates are as follows : 0.00399 (markers 1 – 12), 0.00481 (markers 13 – 25), and 0.00748 (markers 26 - 37), respectively. And this is also clear evidence that the markers 26 – 37 are most important in genetic genealogy. When comparing the markers 1 –25 one can only SUSPECT that the two tested males might be related by blood if their markers are matching. By ALL MEANS one needs to check the markers 26 – 37, and especially the fast mutating markers like CDYa, CDYb and DYS 570, to be absolutely CERTAIN that, IN FACT, he IS related by blood with another man. A lot of Y-DNA test results do appear on the Y-search.org database (http://www.ysearch.org/) when the two males are e.g. perfectly matching on their first 12 markers; a certain mismatch, however small, can appear on the 2nd panel (markers 13 - 25); while a considerable mismatch on the 3rd panel (markers 26 – 37) is clear evidence that they are not related by blood at all (in historical times – 50-60 generations ago).

Thanks to this project I can verify real mutation rates, and these have been displayed below. The rates are calculated per the entire 37 markers haplotypes and per century. The time that passed by is a difference between the year in which the Y-DNA tests were performed, and the year when the common male ancestor (CMA) was born.

In almost 100 % of all cases, unexpectedly, some of the markers AMONG THE FINNs (N1c1) seem to be MUTATING SIMULTANEOUSLY (or very shortly one after another). This observation is valid in the case of the following pairs of markers : DYS 459 a and DYS 459 b, DYS 464 a and DYS 464 b, DYS 464 c and DYS 464 d, as well as CDY a and CDY b. The FTDNA Co. is not taking this phenomenon into account at all. For example, if two males are having 37 37 and 34 34 in CDY a and CDY b, respectively, the FTDNA Co. counts the genetic distance (GD) to be 3x2=6 in the both markers. I will try to reconsider this problem, and in the right column the GD = 3 in such case will be counted. The future will show which method is correct.

Average mutation rate is calculated only for those clans which can deliver at least 10 documented results. This average is calculated in the following way : 20 % of minimal, as well as 20 % of maximal results, are being discarded; the average is being calculated from the remaining 60 % of all the results among the clan. (However, in the case of Gediminids only a single minimal and maximal result, respectively, were discarded in these calculations).

Last Edit: Mar 3, 2019 18:09:22 GMT by Admin

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Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1 May 28, 2019 2:14:52 GMT

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Post by Admin on May 28, 2019 2:14:52 GMT

Genetic study of the Rurik Dynasty
Volkov V.G., Seslavin A.N.
Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russia

The Rurikids are one of the oldest dynasties of Europe and presently living descendants of Rurik can be found in various locations across the globe. In 2006 and initiated by a group of historians and genetic genealogists the “Rurikid Genome” project was started with candidates being sellected (based on their documented genealogy as being descendants of Rurik) to undergo DNA testing. From 2006 until 2017 over 40 DNA samples were obtained from living members of the Rurikid Dynasty and processed, the results grouped the participants into 3 haplogroups (N1c1, R1a1, and I2a1). The group that had the highest frequency and was also the most interrelated was the group belonging to subclade N-Y4339 (40%) represented by the following genealogical lines (Massalsky, Puzyna, Lobanov-Rostovsky, Khilkov, Gagarins, Putyatin, Rzhevsky, Tatishchev, Kropotkin, and Shakhovsky).

The DNA samples of these genealogical lines of Rurikid underwent extensive sequencing of the Y chromosome (BigY test) in the laboratories of Family Tree DNA in Houston (USA), and the eventual results establishing the degree of paternal kinship.

Within the haplogroup N-Y4339 there is a common SNP shared by all the Rurikid group, that being Y10931 and while the presences of certain SNP’s convincingly show that at the Rurikid group N-Y10931 is divided into three branches. One is determined by SNPs VL15, VL16, VL17 and VL18 (princes Massalsky and Puzyna), the second - VL11 (princes Lobanov-Rostovsky, Gagarin and Putiatin) and the third - VL12 (princes Kropotkin and Shakhovski, Rzhevsky and Tatishchev).

The extensively sequenced data clearly shows an extremely accurate correlation between the distribution of distinctive mutations within the different groups of Rurik’s descendants and the traditional documented pedigree of Rurikid. It testifies that the documentary genealogy of Rurikid as a whole truly reflects the real interreleted genetic structure of the participants within the study.

A separate issue for consideration is the genetic origin of the whole group of Rurikid N-Y10931, i.e. connection to a common ancestor of this group with certain geographic regions. The genetic lineage of N-Y10931 is derived from the subclade N-Y4339, and distrubition of this subclade is primarily found in Sweden (52%) followed by Finland (14%) Russia (10%), Britain (10%) with a smaller frequency in Norway (5%) and Ukraine (5%).

The phylogenetic tree convincingly shows that the origin of the lineage N-Y4339 is in the territory of Sweden, and that the closest to Rurikid are the representatives of the lineage N-Y85136, whose ancestors lived in the Uppsala region of Sweden.

In general, the genetic data indicates that the most likely region of residence of the closest paternal ancestors of Rurik to be in the territory of Sweden.

Thus, the genetic data fully confirms the historical accounts of the early Russian chronicles about the Scandinavian origin of Rurik.

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Rurik the Rus': Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1 Jul 22, 2019 0:59:56 GMT

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Post by Admin on Jul 22, 2019 0:59:56 GMT

The Y- DNA Testing results

It was found that Rurik was of Varangian origin (a sub-branch in the N1c1 genetic haplogroup). Since his genetic haplotype, that can be anticipated from more than 10 results of modern Rurikid princes, best matches one of the haplotypes of the Swedes, one may eventually conclude that he was of Swedish descent.

And the further testing of the DNA results of 191 men claiming to be Rurik descendants indicate that most - 68% - of the them had haplogroup N1c1.

Y-DNA haplogroup

N This haplogroup is distributed throughout Northern Eurasia. It is the most common Y-chromosome type in Uralic speakers (Finns and Native Siberian). This lineage most likely originated in northern China or Mongolia and then spread into Siberia where it became a very common line in western Siberia.

N1c1d(L550) Varangian

N1c1d1a (L550) A lineage established in Scandinavia, Baltic Europeans, a Varganian marker in Southern Europe

Based on medieval & Histroical sources, Rurik was born on the Roslagen seashore, which is located north of Stockholm in the modern-day Sweden. But for along time some had thought that he had may have been born in Germany. We now know for sure because of this DNA testing that he was born on the Roslagen seashore in Sweden the only area in Sweden where the Y- DNA haplogroup N1c1d(L550) Varangian appears.

There have been several indirect proofs that people in this region were called Rhos(s) in the Middle Ages. This word is pronounced “roos” in Swedish, which sounds like Russia today. Probably the Finnish word “Ruotsi” (Sweden) also comes from this word.

The rule of the Norse (later Norwegians), Geats and Sveas (later Swedes) at the time of Rurik's birth in the start of the 9th century covered only the southernmost parts of Scandinavia. Their lands were bordered by Kvenland in north, parts of what were the areas of Norrland and Finnmark in Northern Scandinavia.

But their DNA haplogroup is Haplogroup I1a, sometimes called the Viking haplogroup

which is present in about 35% of the population of southern Norway, southwestern Sweden, and Denmark

Y-DNA haplogroup

The Haplogroup I1a lineage likely has its roots in northern France. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in northwest Europe and has since spread down into Central and Eastern Europe, where it is found at low frequencies.

I1a Viking

Thus, Rurik's Finnic DNA most presumably can be explained by the fact that he was a Kven, an apparent Viking Age descendant of the earliest known Kven kings, similarly to many other royal Viking leaders who led voyages to outside of Scandinavia.

Last Edit: Jul 22, 2019 1:08:54 GMT by Admin