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Post by Admin on Jan 17, 2022 21:58:57 GMT
During the excavation, clay vessels, bronze cauldrons, horse harness, arrowheads, personal ornaments,
bones of domestic and wild animals and birds were found in the ancient settlement (104).
Bitiya (Mountain Bitiya)
●Bitiya#228/12, mound 1, burial 1 (BIY001.A): 2295±22 14C years BP; 403-257 cal. BC (2-sigma)
●Bitiya#228/14, mound 1, burial 2 (BIY002.A)
●Bitiya#228/15, mound 1, burial 2 (BIY003.A): 2227±23 14C years BP; 378-205 cal. BC (2-sigma)
●Bitiya#228/20, mound 3, burial 3 (BIY005.A)
●Bitiya#228/21, mound 3, burial 3 (BIY006.A)
●Bitiya#228/23, mound 4, burial 2 (BIY007.A)
●Bitiya#228/24, mound 4, burial 3 (BIY008.A)
●Bitiya#228/25, mound 4, sector 1 (probably burial 4) (BIY009.A)
●Bitiya#228/26, mound 4, burial 5 (BIY010.A)
●Bitiya#228/27, mound 4, burial 5 (BIY011.A)
●Bitiya#228/31, mound 4, probably burial 5 (BIY012.A): 2266±23 14C years BP; 396-213 cal. BC (2-
sigma)
In total, there are 5 mounds in the Bitiya burial ground, of which mounds №1, №3 and №4 were
excavated. The burial ground belongs to the Sargat culture (the archaeological culture of the forest-steppe
zone of the Trans-Urals and the south of Western Siberia) which has a very long period of development, from
the VIII century BC to V century AD. The Bitiya burial ground belongs to its third chronological stage. The
third stage is characterized by strong Sarmatian influence, up to the inclusion of certain groups of Sarmatians
in the Sargatian tribes (105).
Probably the Bitiya burial ground was a clan cemetery, and each mound served as tombs of members of
individual families. In graves, the bones lie, as a rule, on the back, elongated and hands are laid along the body
or slightly folded. Only in one case (mound 3, burial 2) body was on the left side in twisted position. The
orientation of the buried bodies was not a constant feature throughout the entire period of the existence of the
Sargat culture. Mound 4 (burial 2) contained the burial of only two skulls without other bones of the skeleton.
One of these skulls had two holes. Mound 4 (burial 5) was a collective burial: according to the archaeologist
one of them is a child and four adults. The burial inventory consists of ceramics, tools, weapons, and personal
ornaments. There were bones of domestic animals, mainly horses, less often cattle and small cattle, possibly
as funeral food also in the mounds (105).
Kokonovka
●Kokonovka #225/2, mound 3, burial 3 (KOK001.A)
●Kokonovka #225/3, mound 10 (KOK002.A): 2125±22 14C years BP; 341-57 cal. BC (2-sigma)
●Kokonovka #225/4, mound 11 (KOK003.A)
The author of the excavations refers the Kokonovka burial ground as belonging to the Gorokhov culture
of the forest-steppe Trans-Urals and the Southern Urals of the VI - II centuries BC. The author supposed a
Finno-Ugric related ethnicity for the populations of this site (103).
Shadrinsk
●Shadrinsk #25/1, mound 3 (SHD001.A)
●Shadrinsk #25/2, mound 6 (SHD002.A)
The author dates the burials of the Shadrinsk burial ground (Shadrinsky district, Kurgan region) within
the VI-IV centuries BC. Burials were found in a destroyed state, with no cultural attribution was suggested by
the excavator (106).
Shmakovo
●Shmakovo #26/1, mound 1 (SMV001.A): 2288±22 14C years BP; 401-236 cal. BC (2-sigma)
●Shmakovo #26/2, mound 2 (SMV002.A)
The Shmakovo burial ground (Shmakovo village, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region) consists of three
mounds. The studied mounds 1 and 2 were strongly destroyed and plundered (V.F. Gening, 1961). The burial
ground is attributed to the Gorokhov culture and dated to the IV century BC - early II century BC (107).
Vorobievo (Vorobievo I)
●Vorobievo #22/2, mound 2 (VOR002.A)
●Vorobievo #22/3, mound 2 (VOR003.A)
The Vorobievo I burial ground (Shadrinsky district, Kurgan region) is attributed to the Gorokhov culture
and is dated to the VI - II centuries BC. The burial ground includes eight mounds, which were studied in
1961. In the arrangement of the mounds on the site of the burial ground, some regularity is observed: the
largest of them (mound 8) is located in the center, the rest (mounds 1 - 5, 7) are grouped in a semicircle, and
only mound 6 is located separately to the north of the compact burial group. The mound 2 was located in the
northwestern part of the burial ground and included two burials. Both buried lay elongated on their backs,
their heads to the north. Of items were found glass beads, fragments of two silver temple rings, two copper
arrowheads and fragments of an iron knife (108).
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